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We make a detailed study on carrier sensing of 802.11 in Nakagami fading channels. We prove that to maximize sensing accuracy, the optimal channel accessing probability is solely determined by the path-loss SIR (Signal to Interference Ratio). We define pfail-interference range and pbusy-carrier sensing range for fading channels and prove that their scaling laws in Nakagami fading channels are similar to those in the static channel. The newly derived theoretical results show a unified property between the static and fading channels. By extensive simulations, we reveal that fading depresses the probability of a dominating transmission state, and therefore it can mitigate severe hidden and exposed terminal problems, but fading harms the average sensing accuracy for an optimally adjusted carrier sensing threshold.

On Carrier Sensing Accuracy and Range Scaling Laws in Nakagami Fading Channels