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Background   Cytokines play important roles in the physiopathology of dengue infection; therefore, the suppressors of cytokine signaling ( socs ) that control the type and timing of cytokine functions could be involved in the origin of immune alterations in dengue.Objective   To explore the association of cytokine and  socs  levels with disease severity in dengue patients.Methods   Blood samples of 48 patients with confirmed dengue infection were analyzed. Amounts of interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10, interferon- (IFN-)  γ , and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)  α  were quantified by flow cytometry, and the relative expression of  socs1  and  socs3  mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR.Results   Increased levels of IL-10 and socs3 and lower expression of  socs1  were found in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with respect to those with dengue fever (DF) ( p  < 0.05). Negative correlations were found between  socs1  and both IL-10 and  socs3  ( p  < 0.01). The cutoff values of  socs3  (>199.8-fold),  socs1  (<1.94-fold), and IL-10 (>134 pg/ml) have the highest sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between DF and DHF.Conclusion   Simultaneous changes in IL-10 and  socs1/socs3  could be used as prognostic biomarkers of dengue severity.

IL-10 and socs3 Are Predictive Biomarkers of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever