English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Background   Two clinical phenotypes of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been reported, that is, with or without increased albuminuria. The aim of study was to assess the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for the early diagnosis of DKD in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods   The study group consisted of 123 patients with T2DM (mean age 62 ± 14 years), with urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) < 300 mg/g and eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . The control group included 22 nondiabetic patients with comparable age, sex, and comorbidities. uNGAL, albumin, and creatinine were measured in the first morning urine samples. uACR and uNGAL/creatinine ratios (uNCR) were calculated.Results   In the control group, maximum uNCR was 39.64  µ g/g. In T2DM group, 24 patients (20%) had higher results, with the maximum value of 378.6  µ g/g. Among patients with uNCR > 39.64  µ g/g, 13 (54%) did not have markedly increased albuminuria. Women with T2DM had higher uNCR than men ( p  < 0.001), without difference in uACR ( p  = 0.09). uNCR in T2DM patients correlated significantly with HbA1c. Sex, total cholesterol, and uACR were independent predictors of uNCR above 39.64  µ g/g.Conclusions   Increased uNGAL and uNCR may indicate early tubular damage, associated with dyslipidemia and worse diabetes control, especially in females with T2DM.

biomed research international

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is Complementary to Albuminuria in Diagnosis of Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes