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To elucidate the ecological effect of high oral doses of halotolerant (resistant to table salt) indigenous-gut bacteria on other commensals early in life, we conducted a culture-based study to quantify the effect of intestinal  Lactobacillus plantarum  strain of bovine origin (with remarkable aerobic growth capabilities and inhibitory activity against  Escherichia coli  O157:H7 and F5) on clinical health and gut lactobacilli/coliforms in newborn calves. In a double-blind placebo-randomized trial twelve colostrum-fed calves, consecutively born at a farm, were fed  L. plantarum  within 12 hours from birth at low (10 7-8  CFU/day) or high concentrations (10 10-11 ) or placebo (q24 h, 5 d; 10 d follow-up). We developed a 2.5% NaCl-selective culture strategy to facilitate the enumeration of  L. plantarum -strain-B80, and tested 384 samples (>1,152 cultures).  L. plantarum -B80-like colonies were detected in a large proportion of calves (58%) even before their first 24 hours of life indicating endemic presence of the strain in the farm. In contrast to studies where human-derived  Lactobacillus  LGG or  rhamnosus  had notoriously high, but short-lived, colonization, we found that  L. plantarum  colonized stably with fecal shedding of 6 ± 1 log 10 ·g −1  (irrespective of dose,  P  > 0.2). High doses significantly reduced other fecal lactic acid bacteria (e.g., lactobacilli,  P  < 0.01) and slightly reduced body weight gain in calves after treatment. For the first time, a halotolerant strain of  L. plantarum  with inhibitory activity against a human pathogen has the ability to inhibit other lactobacilli  in vivo  without changing its species abundance, causing transintestinal translocation, or inducing clinical disease. The future selection of probiotics based on halotolerance may expand therapeutic product applicability.

international journal of microbiology

High Doses of Halotolerant Gut-IndigenousLactobacillus plantarumReduce Cultivable Lactobacilli in Newborn Calves without Increasing Its Species Abundance