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Although interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and adiponectin are key immunopathogenesis mediators of tuberculosis, their association with clinical manifestations of early stage disease is inconclusive. We determined interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and adiponectin levels in clinically and phenotypically well-characterised non-substance using new pulmonary tuberculosis patients ( n  = 13) and controls ( n  = 14) from Kenya. Interferon-gamma levels ( P  < 0.0001) and interferon-gamma to interleukin-10 ( P  < 0.001) and interferon-gamma to adiponectin ( P  = 0.027) ratios were elevated in tuberculosis cases. Correlation analyses in tuberculosis cases showed associations of interferon-gamma levels with body weight ( ρ  = −0.849;  P  < 0.0001), body mass index ( ρ  = 0.664;  P  = 0.013), hip girth ( ρ  = −0.579;  P  = 0.038), and plateletcrit ( ρ  = 0.605;  P  = 0.028); interferon-gamma to interleukin-10 ratio with diastolic pressure ( ρ  = −0.729;  P  = 0.005); and interferon-gamma to adiponectin ratio with body weight ( ρ  = −0.560;  P  = 0.047), body mass index ( ρ  = −0.604;  P  = 0.029), and plateletcrit ( ρ  = 0.793;  P  = 0.001). Taken together, our results suggest mild-inflammation in early stage infection characterised by upregulation of circulating interferon-gamma production in newly infected TB patients.

Circulating Interferon-Gamma Levels Are Associated with Low Body Weight in Newly Diagnosed Kenyan Non-Substance Using Tuberculosis Individuals