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Purpose . To distinguish between normal (SV-HUC-1) and cancerous (TCCSUP) human urothelial cell lines using microelectrical impedance spectroscopy ( μEIS ).  Materials and Methods . Two types of  μEIS  devices were designed and used in combination to measure the impedance of SV-HUC-1 and TCCSUP cells flowing through the channels of the devices. The first device ( μEIS-OF ) was designed to determine the optimal frequency at which the impedance of two cell lines is most distinguishable. The  μEIS-OF  trapped the flowing cells and measured their impedance at a frequency ranging from 5 kHz to 1 MHz. The second device ( μEIS-RT ) was designed for real-time impedance measurement of the cells at the optimal frequency. The impedance was measured instantaneously as the cells passed the sensing electrodes of  μEIS-RT .  Results . The optimal frequency, which maximized the average difference of the amplitude and phase angle between the two cell lines ( p  < 0.001), was determined to be 119 kHz. The real-time impedance of the cell lines was measured at 119 kHz; the two cell lines differed significantly in terms of amplitude and phase angle ( p  < 0.001).  Conclusion . The  μEIS-RT  can discriminate SV-HUC-1 and TCCSUP cells by measuring the impedance at the optimal frequency determined by the  μEIS-OF .

biomed research international

Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Differentiation between Normal and Cancerous Human Urothelial Cell Lines: Real-Time Electrical Impedance Measurement at an Optimal Frequency