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Leishmania (L.) amazonensis  ( La ) and  L. (V.) braziliensis  ( Lb ) are responsible for a large clinical and immunopathological spectrum in human disease; while  La  may be responsible for anergic disease,  Lb  infection leads to cellular hypersensitivity. To better understand the dichotomy in the immune response caused by these  Leishmania  species, we evaluated subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocyte in draining lymph nodes during the course of  La  and  Lb  infection in BALB/c mice. Our results demonstrated a high involvement of DCs in  La  infection, which was characterized by the greater accumulation of Langerhans cells (LCs); conversely,  Lb  infection led to an increase in dermal DCs (dDCs) throughout the infection. Considering the T lymphocyte response, an increase of effector, activated, and memory CD4 +  T-cells was observed in  Lb  infection. Interleukin- (IL-) 4- and IL-10-producing CD4 + and CD8 +  T-cells were present in both  La  and  Lb  infection; however, interferon- (IFN-)  γ -producing CD4 + and CD8 +  T-cells were detected only in  Lb  infection. The results suggest that during  Lb  infection, the dDCs were the predominant subset of DCs that in turn was associated with the development of Th1 immune response; in contrast  La  infection was associated with a preferential accumulation of LCs and total blockage of the development of Th1 immune response.

mediators of inflammation

Differential Recruitment of Dendritic Cells Subsets to Lymph Nodes Correlates with a Protective or Permissive T-Cell Response duringLeishmania(Viannia)BraziliensisorLeishmania(Leishmania)AmazonensisInfection