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Objective . The aim of the study was to investigate the expression patterns of a specific set of genes involved in the inflammation process in children with Down Syndrome (DS) and children without the syndrome (control group) to identify differences that may be related to the immune abnormalities observed in DS individuals.  Method . RNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood, and gene expression was quantified using the TaqMan® Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit, which facilitated the investigation into 92 inflammation-related genes and four reference genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).  Results . Twenty genes showed differential expression in children with DS; 12 were overexpressed ( PLA2G2D ,  CACNA1D ,  ALOX12 ,  VCAM1 ,  ICAM1 ,  PLCD1 ,  ADRB1 ,  HTR3A ,  PDE4C ,  CASP1 ,  PLA2G5,  and  PLCB4 ), and eight were underexpressed ( LTA4H ,  BDKRB1 ,  ADRB2 ,  CD40LG ,  ITGAM ,  TNFRSF1B ,  ITGB1,  and  TBXAS1 ). After statistically correcting for the false discovery rate, only the genes  BDKRB1  and  LTA4H  showed differential expression, and both were underexpressed within the DS group.  Conclusion . DS children showed differential expression of inflammation-related genes that were not located on chromosome 21 compared with children without DS. The  BDKRB1  and  LTA4H  genes may differentiate the case and control groups based on the inflammatory response, which plays an important role in DS pathogenesis.

Differential Expression of Inflammation-Related Genes in Children with Down Syndrome