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Hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor associated with insulin resistance and  β -cell dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of hypertriglyceridemia and fenofibrate treatment on insulin sensitivity and  β -cell function in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. A total of 1974 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were divided into the normal TG group (NTG group,  n  = 1302) and hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG group,  n  = 672). Next, 92 patients selected randomly from 672 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were assigned to a 24-week fenofibrate treatment. The HTG group had increased waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment of  β -cell function (HOMA- β ) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with the NTG group (all  P  < 0.01). The 24-week fenofibrate treatment significantly decreased the WC, BMI, TG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA- β  levels and increased the HDL-C levels in the patients with hypertriglyceridemia (WC, BMI, and HOMA-IR:  P  < 0.05; TG, HDL-C, and HOMA- β :  P  < 0.01). The fenofibrate treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and reduced the secreting load of  β -cells in the hypertriglyceridemia patients with normal glucose tolerance.

PPARαAgonist Fenofibrate Reduced the Secreting Load ofβ-Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia Patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance