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Background . Intra-articular infections can rapidly lead to osteoarthritic degradation. The aim of this clinical biomarker analysis was to investigate the influence of inflammation on cartilage destruction and metabolism.  Methods . Patients with acute joint infections were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial and the cytokine composition of effusions ( n  = 76) was analyzed. Characteristics of epidemiology and disease severity were correlated with levels of cytokines with known roles in cartilage turnover and degradation.  Results . Higher synovial IL-1 β  concentrations were associated with clinical parameters indicating a higher disease severity ( p  < 0.03) excluding the incidence of sepsis. Additionally, intra-articular IL-1 β  levels correlated with inflammatory serum parameters as leucocyte counts (LC) and C-reactive protein concentrations ( p  < 0.05) but not with age or comorbidity. Both higher LC and synovial IL-1 β  levels were associated with increased intra-articular collagen type II cleavage products (C2C) indicating cartilage degradation. Joints with preinfectious lesions had higher C2C levels. Intra-articular inflammation led to increased concentrations of typical cartilage metabolites as bFGF, BMP-2, and BMP-7. Infections with  Staphylococcus  species induced higher IL-1 β  expression but less cartilage destruction than other bacteria.  Conclusion . Articular infections have bacteria-specific implications on cartilage metabolism. Collagen type II cleavage products reliably mark destruction, which is associated with upregulation of typical cartilage turnover cytokines. This trial is registered with  DRKS00003536 , MISSinG.

Prospective Clinical Trial for Septic Arthritis: Cartilage Degradation and Inflammation Are Associated with Upregulation of Cartilage Metabolites