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The search for new treatments against leishmaniasis has increased due to high frequency of drug resistance registered in endemics areas, side effects, and complications caused by coinfection with HIV.  Morinda citrifolia  Linn., commonly known as Noni, has a rich chemical composition and various therapeutic effects have been described in the literature. Studies have shown the leishmanicidal activity of  M. citrifolia ; however, its action on the parasite has not yet been elucidated. In this work, we analyzed leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural changes in  Leishmania infantum  promastigotes caused by  M. citrifolia  fruit juice treatment.  M. citrifolia  fruit extract showed a yield of 6.31% and high performance liquid chromatography identified phenolic and aromatic compounds as the major constituents. IC 50  values were 260.5  µ g/mL for promastigotes and 201.3  µ g/mL for intracellular amastigotes of  L. infantum  treated with  M. citrifolia . Cytotoxicity assay with J774.G8 macrophages showed that  M. citrifolia  fruit juice was not toxic up to 2 mg/mL. Transmission electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipid inclusion, increased exocytosis activity, and autophagosome-like vesicles in  L. infantum  promastigotes treated with  M. citrifolia  fruit juice.  M. citrifolia  fruit juice was active against  L. infantum  in the  in vitro  model used here causing ultrastructural changes and has a future potential for treatment against leishmaniasis.

Ultrastructural Changes and Death ofLeishmania infantumPromastigotes Induced byMorinda citrifoliaLinn. Fruit (Noni) Juice Treatment