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Small and big mouse islets were compared with special reference to their content of glucagon-producing  α -cells and somatostatin-producing  δ -cells. Areas stained for glucagon and somatostatin were measured in the largest cross section of small (diameter < 60  μ m) and big (diameter > 100  μ m) islets. Comparison of the areas indicated proportionally more  δ - than  α -cells in the small islets. After isolation with collagenase these islets were practically devoid of  α -cells. We evaluated the functional importance of the islet size by measuring the Ca 2+  signal for insulin release. A majority of the small islets responded to the hyperpolarization action of somatostatin with periodic decrease of cytoplasmic Ca 2+  when glucose was elevated after tolbutamide blockade of the K ATP  channels.

Small Mouse Islets Are Deficient in Glucagon-Producing Alpha Cells but Rich in Somatostatin-Secreting Delta Cells