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In the present study we aimed to determine (i) frequency of  Cryptosporidium  species among patients with renal transplantation (RT) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and (ii) relationship of the nature, severity, and duration of symptoms with different species and load of  Cryptosporidium . Stool samples from 70 (42 RT and 28 HIV) and 140 immunocompromised patients with and without cryptosporidiosis by modified Kinyoun's staining were subjected to qPCR-melting curve analysis for identification of parasite species. qPCR detected one microscopically negative sample to be positive for cryptosporidiosis.  C. hominis ,  C. parvum , and mixed infection were detected in 50/71 (70.4%), 19/71 (26.8%), and 2/71 (2.8%) patients, respectively. Patients with cryptosporidiosis had higher stool frequency (median, IQR: 4, 3–6/d versus 3, 2–4/d;  P  = 0.017) and watery stool (52/71 [73%] versus 64/139 [46%];  P  = 0.003). Parasite load (median, IQR: Log 10  6.37 (5.65–7.12), Log 10  5.81 (4.26–6.65);  P  = 0.046) and nausea/vomiting (29/50 [58%] versus 5/19 [26%];  P  = 0.032) were more frequent with  C. hominis  than with  C. parvum  infection. Thus,  Cryptosporidium  spp. (mainly  C. hominis ) is a common cause of diarrhoea in RT and HIV patients.

journal of pathogens

Genotyping of<i>Cryptosporidium</i>Species and Their Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Renal Transplantation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Genotyping ofCryptosporidiumSpecies and Their Clinical Manifestations in Patients with Renal Transplantation and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection