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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is well known that the chronic inflammation can promote the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, a number of studies revealed a potential association between colorectal inflammation, cancer progression, and infection caused by enterotoxigenic  Bacteroides fragilis  (ETBF). Bacterial enterotoxin activates spermine oxidase (SMO), which produces spermidine and H 2 O 2  as byproducts of polyamine catabolism, which, in turn, enhances inflammation and tissue injury. Using qPCR analysis, we estimated the expression of  SMOX  gene and ETBF colonization in CRC patients. We found no statistically significant associations between them. Then we selected genes involved in polyamine metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and inflammation regulation and estimated their expression in CRC. We observed overexpression of  SMOX ,  ODC1 ,  SRM ,  SMS ,  MTAP ,  c-Myc ,  C/EBPβ  ( CREBP ), and other genes. We found that two mediators of metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and cell proliferation c-Myc and C/EBP β  may serve as regulators of polyamine metabolism genes ( SMOX, AZIN1, MTAP, SRM, ODC1, AMD1 , and  AGMAT ) as they are overexpressed in tumors, have binding site according to ENCODE ChIP-Seq data, and demonstrate strong coexpression with their targets. Thus, increased polyamine metabolism in CRC could be driven by c-Myc and C/EBP β  rather than ETBF infection.

oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

The Dysregulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Overexpression of c-Myc and C/EBP<i>β</i>rather than Enterotoxigenic<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>Infection

The Dysregulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer Is Associated with Overexpression of c-Myc and C/EBPβrather than EnterotoxigenicBacteroides fragilisInfection