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Objective . To determine among retreatment tuberculosis patients in Benin baseline characteristics, culture, and drug sensitivity testing (DST) results and treatment outcomes.  Materials and Methods . A retrospective national cohort study of all retreatment tuberculosis patients in Benin in 2013 using registers and treatment cards.  Results . Of 3957 patients with tuberculosis, 241 (6%) were retreatment cases. Compared to new pulmonary bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (NPBCT) patients, there were significantly higher numbers of males ( P  = 0.04), patients from “Atlantique-Littoral” ( P  = 0.006), patients aged 45–64 years ( P  = 0.007), and HIV-positive patients ( P  = 0.04) among those retreated. Overall, 171 (71%) patients submitted sputum for DST, of whom (163) 95% were positive for  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  on Xpert MTB/RIF and/or culture and 17 (10%) were rifampicin resistant (9 with MDR-TB and 8 monoresistant to rifampicin). For those without MDR-TB ( n  = 224), treatment success was 93%. Worse outcomes occurred in those with unknown HIV status (RR: 0.27; 0.05–1.45;  P  < 0.01) while better outcomes occurred in those who relapsed (RR: 1.06, 95 CI: 1.02–1.10,  P  = 0.04).  Conclusion . In 2013, a high proportion of retreatment patients received DST. Treatment success was good although more needs to be done to systematically increase the final follow-up smear examination. Reasons of high losses to follow-up from “Oueme-Plateau” should be investigated.

Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Benin