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Objectives.  The adjuvant activity of  Epimedium  polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome (EPL) was investigated in vitro and in vivo.  Methods.  In vitro, the effects of EPL at different concentrations on splenic lymphocytes proliferation and mRNA expression of IFN- γ  and IL-6 were determined. In vivo, the adjuvant activities of EPL, EP, and mineral oil were compared in BALB/c mice through vaccination with inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine.  Results.  In vitro, EPL promoted lymphocytes proliferation and increased the mRNA expression of IFN- γ  and IL-6, and the effect was significantly better than EP at all concentrations. In vivo, EPL significantly promoted the lymphocytes proliferation and the secretion of cytokines and improved the killing activity of NK cells, PCV2-specific antibody titers, and the proportion of T-cell subgroups. The effects of EPL were significantly better than EP and oil adjuvant at most time points.  Conclusion.  EPL could significantly improve both PCV2-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, and its medium dose had the best efficacy. Therefore, EPL would be exploited in an effective immune adjuvant for inactivated PCV2 vaccine.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

The Adjuvant Activity of<i>Epimedium</i>Polysaccharide-Propolis Flavone Liposome on Enhancing Immune Responses to Inactivated Porcine Circovirus Vaccine in Mice

The Adjuvant Activity ofEpimediumPolysaccharide-Propolis Flavone Liposome on Enhancing Immune Responses to Inactivated Porcine Circovirus Vaccine in Mice