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Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii)  is an important nosocomial pathogen in healthcare institutions.  β -Lactamase-mediated resistance is the most common mechanism for carbapenem resistance in  A. baumannii . The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, to detect  OXA  encoding genes, class A,  bla   PER-1 , and to detect the presence of ISA ba 1. A total of 124  A. baumannii  isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in a teaching hospital in Kashan, Iran. The susceptibility of isolates to different antibiotics was determined by disk-diffusion method. PCR was used to detect  bla   PER-1 ,  bla   OXA-23 ,  bla   OXA-24 ,  bla   OXA-51 ,  bla   OXA-58 , and ISA ba 1 genes. All isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. All of the isolates revealed susceptibility to polymyxin B and colistin. Ninety-six percent of the isolates were extensive drug resistance (XDR), 5.6% extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and 54.8% metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL). All isolates were positive for  bla   OXA-51  and ISA ba 1.  bla   OXA-23 ,   bla   OXA-24 , and  bla   OXA-58  were found in 79.8%, 25%, and 3.2%, respectively. The frequency rate of  bla   PER-1  gene was 52.4%. Multidrug resistant  A. baumannii  isolates are increasing in our setting and extensively limit therapeutic options. The high rate presence of class D carbapenemase-encoding genes, mainly  bla   OXA-23  carbapenemases, is worrying and alarming as an emerging threat in our hospital.

journal of pathogens

Susceptibility Pattern and Distribution of Oxacillinases andblaPER-1Genes among Multidrug ResistantAcinetobacter baumanniiin a Teaching Hospital in Iran