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Purpose.  Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic disease mainly affecting boys in prepubertal age and usually recovering after puberty. To evaluate a possible role of sex hormones in VKC, serum levels of sex hormones in children and adolescents with VKC were assessed.  Methods.  12 prepubertal and 7 early pubertal boys with active VKC and 6 male patients with VKC in remission phase at late pubertal age and 48 healthy age and sex-matched subjects were included. Serum concentration of estrone, 17 beta-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, total testosterone and free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), cortisol, delta-4-androstenedione, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex-hormones binding globuline (SHBG) were evaluated.  Results.  Serum levels of Estrone were significantly increased in all groups of patients with VKC when compared to healthy controls ( P  < 0.001). Prepubertal and early pubertal VKC showed a significant decrease in DHT ( P  = 0.007 and  P  = 0.028, resp.) and SHBG ( P  = 0.01 and  P  = 0.002, resp.) when compared to controls and serum levels of SHBG were increased in late pubertal VKC in remission phase ( P  = 0.007).  Conclusions and Relevance.  VKC patients have different circulating sex hormone levels in different phases of the disease and when compared to nonallergic subjects. These findings suggest a role played by sex hormones in the pathogenesis and/or activity of VKC.

journal of immunology research

Sex Hormones in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Altered Levels of Circulating Androgens and Estrogens in Children and Adolescents with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis