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In this study 80 malignant CMT were submitted to immunohistochemical detection of CD3, c-kit, VEGF, and CD31, together with clinicopathological parameters of tumor aggressiveness. CD3+ T-cells and c-kit overexpression revealed a positive correlation with VEGF ( r  = 0.503,  P  < 0.0001;  r  = 0.284,  P  = 0.023 for CD3 and c-kit, resp.) and CD31 ( r  = 0.654,  P  < 0.0001;  r  = 0.365,  P  = 0.003 for CD3 and c-kit, resp.). A significant association ( P  = 0.039) and a positive correlation ( r  = 0.263,  P  = 0.039) between CD3 and c-kit were also observed. High CD3/VEGF, c-kit/VEGF, and CD3/c-kit tumors were associated with elevated grade of malignancy ( P  < 0.0001 for all groups), presence of intravascular emboli ( P  < 0.0001 for CD3/VEGF and CD3/c-kit;  P  = 0.002 for c-kit/VEGF), and presence of lymph node metastasis ( P  < 0.0001 for all groups). Tumors with high CD3/VEGF ( P  = 0.006), c-kit/VEGF ( P  < 0.0001), and CD3/c-kit ( P  = 0.002) were associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly high c-kit/VEGF tumors retained their significance by multivariate analysis arising as independent prognostic factor.

Intratumoral CD3+ T-Lymphocytes Immunoexpression and Its Association with c-Kit, Angiogenesis, and Overall Survival in Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors