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The chemical composition and functional activities of cold-pressed and water distilled peel essential oils of  Citrus paradisi  ( C. paradisi ) and  Citrus grandis  (L.) Osbeck ( C. grandis ) were investigated in present study. Yields of cold-pressed oils were much higher than those of distilled oils. Limonene was the primary ingredient of essential oils of  C. paradisi  (cold 92.83%; distilled 96.06%) and  C. grandis  (cold 32.63%; distilled 55.74%). In addition,  C. grandis  oils obtained were rich in oxygenated or nitrogenated compounds which may be involved in reducing cardiovascular diseases or enhancing sleep effectiveness. The order of free radical scavenging activities of 4 citrus oils was distilled  C. paradisi  oil > cold-pressed  C. paradisi  oil > distilled  C. grandis  oil > cold-pressed  C. grandis  oil. Cold-pressed  C. grandis  oil exhibited the lowest activity in all antioxidative assays. The order of antimicrobial activities of 4 citrus oils was distilled  C. grandis  oil, cold-pressed  C. paradisi  oil > distilled  C. paradisi  oil > cold-pressed  C. paradisi  oil. Surprisingly, distilled  C. grandis  oil exhibited better antimicrobial activities than distilled  C. paradisi  oil, especially against  Escherichia coli  and  Salmonella enterica  subsp. The results also indicated that the antimicrobial activities of essential oils may not relate to their antioxidative activities.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

The Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cold-Pressed and Distilled Essential Oils of<i>Citrus paradisi</i>and<i>Citrus grandis</i>(L.) Osbeck

The Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cold-Pressed and Distilled Essential Oils ofCitrus paradisiandCitrus grandis(L.) Osbeck