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PMC-12 is a prescription used in traditional Korean medicine that consists of a mixture of four herbal medicines,  Polygonum multiflorum ,  Rehmannia glutinosa ,  Polygala tenuifolia , and  Acorus gramineus , which have been reported to have various pharmacological effects on age-related neurological diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether PMC-12 improves cognitive deficits associated with decreased neuroinflammation in an amyloid- β -(A β -) induced mouse model and exerts the antineuroinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) stimulated murine BV2 microglia. Intracerebroventricular injection of A β   25−35  in mice resulted in impairment in learning and spatial memory, whereas this was reversed by oral administration of PMC-12 (100 and 500 mg/kg/day) in dose-dependent manners. Moreover, PMC-12 reduced the increase of A β  expression and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the A β   25−35 -injected brain. Furthermore, quantitative PCR data showed that inflammatory mediators were significantly decreased by administration of PMC-12 in A β -injected brains. Consistent with the  in vivo  data, PMC-12 significantly reduced the inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells without cell toxicity. Moreover, PMC-12 exhibited anti-inflammatory properties via downregulation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings suggest that the protective effects of PMC-12 may be mediated by its antineuroinflammatory activities, resulting in the attenuation of memory impairment; accordingly, PMC-12 may be useful in the prevention and treatment of AD.

evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

PMC-12, a Prescription of Traditional Korean Medicine, Improves Amyloid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="bold-italic">β</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Induced Cognitive Deficits through Modulation of Neuroinflammation

PMC-12, a Prescription of Traditional Korean Medicine, Improves Amyloidβ-Induced Cognitive Deficits through Modulation of Neuroinflammation