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This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  and/or its products to induce the synthesis of cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12) by mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7). Three microorganism preparations were used: live  L .  rhamnosus  (LLR) suspension, heat-killed  L .  rhamnosus  (HKLR) suspension, and the supernatant of a heat-killed  L .  rhamnosus  (SHKLR) suspension, which were cultured with macrophages (37°C, 5% CO 2 ) for 2 h and 30 min. After that, cells were cultured for 16 h. The supernatants were used for the quantitation of cytokines, by ELISA. The results were compared with the synthesis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and analysed, using ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%. LLR and HKLR groups were able to significantly increase the production of TNF- α , IL-6, and IL-10 ( P  < 0.05). SHKLR also significantly increased the production of TNF- α  and IL-10 ( P  < 0.05) but not IL-6 ( P  > 0.05). All the  L .  rhamnosus  suspensions were not able to produce detectable levels of IL-1 β  or significant levels of IL-4 and IL-12 ( P  > 0.05). In conclusion, live and heat-killed  L .  rhamnosus  suspensions were able to induce the synthesis of different cytokines with proinflammatory (TNF- α  and IL-6) or regulatory (IL-10) functions, suggesting the role of strain  L .  rhamnosus  ATCC 7469 in the modulation or in the stimulation of immune responses.

Live and Heat-KilledLactobacillus rhamnosusATCC 7469 May Induce Modulatory Cytokines Profiles on Macrophages RAW 264.7