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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by  Leishmania donovani  is endemic in northern Ethiopia, where  P. orientalis  is the most important presumed vector. This study was designed to determine the physiological age structure and the occurrence of  Leishmania  infection in the vector of VL in Tahtay Adiyabo district, northern Ethiopia. Sand flies were collected using CDC light traps from peridomestic and agricultural fields between May 2011 and April 2012 and  P. orientalis  females were dissected for age determination and detection of  Leishmania  promastigotes. Sand flies were also analyzed for  L. donovani  detection using molecular methods. Of 1,282  P. orientalis  examined for abdominal stages and age characterization, 66.2%, 28.2%, 4.1%, and 1.6% were unfed, freshly fed, half-gravid, and gravid. Parous rate in unfed females was 34.1% and 35.4% in peridomestic and agricultural fields, respectively. Out of 921  P. orientalis  females dissected, one specimen (0.1%) was found naturally infected with promastigotes. Five pools (25 females) of unfed  P. orientalis  were also found with DNA of  Leishmania  spp. In particular, a single  P. orientalis  was positive for  L. donovani  (0.5%). Based on this and other evidences (abundance, human blood feeding, and xenodiagnostic studies),  P. orientalis  is the principal vector of VL in this endemic focus.

journal of tropical medicine

Physiological Age Structure and<i>Leishmania</i>spp. Detection in<i>Phlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis</i>(Parrot, 1936) (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northern Ethiopia

Physiological Age Structure andLeishmaniaspp. Detection inPhlebotomus (Larroussius) orientalis(Parrot, 1936) (Diptera: Psychodidae) at an Endemic Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northern Ethiopia