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Theileria  spp. are tick-transmitted, intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of animals. As there is very limited information on the prevalence of  Theileria  spp. in the Caribbean we used the recently described genus-specific pan- Theileria  FRET-qPCR to identify infected animals in the region and a standard 18S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing to determine the species involved. We found  Theileria  spp. in 9% of the convenience samples of animals ( n  = 752) studied from five Caribbean islands. Donkeys (20.0%: 5/25) were most commonly infected, followed by sheep (17.4%, 25/144), cattle (6.8%; 22/325), goats (5.0%; 12/238), and horses (5.0%; 1/20). Six species of  Theileria  were identified:  T .  equi  (donkeys, cattle, goats, and sheep),  Theileria  sp. OT3 (sheep and goats),  Theileria  sp. NG-2013a (cattle),  Theileria  sp. YW-2014 (donkeys),  Theileria  sp. B15a (goats), and  Babesia vulpes  or a closely related organism (sheep and goats). Only  T. equi  has been previously reported in the Caribbean. Our findings expand the known host ranges of  Theileria  spp. and the known distribution of the organisms around the world.

Molecular Detection ofTheileriaspp. in Livestock on Five Caribbean Islands