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African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT) transmitted cyclically by tsetse fly ( Glossina  spp.) is a major obstacle to livestock production in the tropical parts of Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the infection rates of trypanosomes in  Glossina  species in Mtito Andei Division, Makueni County, Kenya. Tsetse fly species,  G. longipennis  and  G. pallidipes , were trapped and DNA was isolated from their dissected internal organs (proboscis, salivary glands, and midguts). The DNA was then subjected to a nested PCR assay using internal transcribed spacer primers and individual trypanosome species were identified following agarose gel electrophoresis. Out of the 117 flies trapped in the area 39 (33.3%) were teneral while 78 (67%) were nonteneral.  G. pallidipes  constituted the largest percentage of 58% while  G. longipennis  were 42%. The overall trypanosomes infection rate in all nonteneral  Glossina  spp. was 11.53% with  G. longipennis  recording the highest infection rate of 23.08% while  G. pallidipes  had an infection rate of 5.77%.  T. vivax  was the most infectious (10.26%) compared to  T. congolense  (1.28%). Mean apparent densities were strongly positively correlated with infection rates ( r  = 0.95) confirming the importance of this parameter as an indicator of AAT transmission risk.

TrypanosomaInfection Rates inGlossinaSpecies in Mtito Andei Division, Makueni County, Kenya