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ω -3 PUFAs and polyphenols have multiple effects on inflammation  in vivo  and  in vitro . The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RV) were investigated in LPS-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) (i.e., acute inflammation) and IL-1 β  activated human chondrocytes (i.e., chronic inflammation). Inflammatory mediators including chemokines, cytokines, interleukins, and PGE 2  were measured by multiplex analysis and gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR. In PBLs, RV decreased the secretion of PGE 2 , CCL5/RANTES, and CXCL8/IL-8 but increased IL-1 β , IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast to RV,  ω -3 PUFAs augmented the production of PGE 2  and CXCL8/IL-8. EPA and DHA similarly affected the pattern of inflammatory mediators. Combination of RV and  ω -3 PUFAs exerted synergistic effects on CCL5/RANTES and had additive effects on IL-6 or CXCL8/IL-8. Both  ω -3 PUFAs and RV reduced catabolic gene expression (e.g., MMPs, ADAMTS-4, IL-1 β , and IL-6) in activated chondrocytes. The data suggest that  ω -3 PUFAs and RV differ in the regulation of acute inflammation of peripheral blood leukocytes but have common properties in modulating features related to chronic inflammation of chondrocytes.

ω-3 PUFAs and Resveratrol Differently Modulate Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Processes