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The activated NF- κ B signaling pathway plays an important role in pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The inhibitor of  κ B (I κ B) kinase (IKK) family such as IKK α , IKK β , IKK γ , and IKK ε , is required for this signaling. Our aim was to investigate the role of IKK α / β / γ / ε  in patients with untreated pSS. In minor salivary glands from pSS patients, phosphorylated IKK ε  (pIKK ε ), pI κ B α , and pNF- κ B p65 (p-p65) were highly expressed in ductal epithelium and infiltrating mononuclear cells by immunohistochemistry, compared to healthy individuals. pIKK α / β  and pIKK γ  were both negative. And pIKK ε  positively related to expression of p-p65. Furthermore, pIKK ε  and p-p65 expression significantly correlated with biopsy focus score and overall disease activity. Meanwhile, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pSS patients, pIKK ε , total IKK ε , pIKK α / β , and p-p65 were significantly increased by western blot, compared to healthy controls. However, there was no difference in IKK γ  and I κ B α  between pSS patients and healthy individuals. These results demonstrated an abnormality of IKK ε , I κ B α , and NF- κ B in pSS, suggesting a potential target of treatment for pSS based on the downregulation of IKK ε  expression and deregulation of NF- κ B pathway.

journal of immunology research

Local and Systemic IKK<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">ε</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>and NF-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mo mathvariant="bold">κ</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>B Signaling Associated with Sjögren’s Syndrome Immunopathogenesis

Local and Systemic IKKεand NF-κB Signaling Associated with Sjögren’s Syndrome Immunopathogenesis