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Background and Objectives . Estrogen receptor- α  (ER- α ) plays important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. Recent studies have shown that ER- α  could lead to cell cycle progression or inhibition of apoptosis. To better understand the role of ER- α , RNA interference (RNAi) was used to inhibit ER- α  expression in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.  Methods . Lentivirus-mediated ER- α  small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HCC cells Hep3B. ER- α  expression was monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were examined by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT), flow cytometry (FCM), and invasion assay, respectively.  Results . ER- α  siRNA efficiently downregulated the expression of ER- α  in Hep3B cells at both mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner. ER- α  siRNA also inhibited cell proliferation and reduced cell invasion (compared with other groups,  P  < 0.05, resp.). Furthermore, knockdown of ER- α  slowed down the cell population at S phase and increased the rate of apoptosis ( P  < 0.05, resp.).  Conclusion . ER- α  knockdown suppressed the growth of HCC cells. Thus, ER- α  may play a very important role in carcinogenesis of HCC and its knockdown may offer a new potential gene therapy approach for human liver cancer in the future.

Lentivirus-Mediated siRNA Targeting ER-αInhibits Tumorigenesis and Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocarcinoma Cells