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Objective .  Helicobacter pylori  (Hp) is recognized by TLR4 and TLR2 receptors, which trigger the activation of genes involved in the host immune response. Thus, we evaluated the effect of eradication therapy on TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and protein expression in  H. pylori -infected chronic gastritis patients (CG-Hp+) and 3 months after treatment.  Methods . A total of 37 patients CG-Hp+ were evaluated. The relative quantification (RQ) of mRNA was assessed by TaqMan assay and protein expression by immunohistochemistry.  Results . Before treatment both  TLR2  and  TLR4  mRNA in CG-Hp+ patients were slightly increased ( TLR2  = 1.32;  TLR4  = 1.26) in relation to Hp-negative normal gastric mucosa ( P  ≤ 0.05). After successful eradication therapy no significant change was observed ( TLR2  = 1.47;  TLR4  = 1.53;  P  > 0.05). In addition, the  cagA  and  vacA  bacterial genotypes did not influence the gene expression levels, and we observed a positive correlation between the RQ values of  TLR2  and  TLR4 , both before and after treatment. Immunoexpression of the TLR2 and TLR4 proteins confirmed the gene expression results.  Conclusion . In conclusion, the expression of both  TLR2  and  TLR4  is increased in CG-Hp+ patients regardless of  cagA  and  vacA  status and this expression pattern is not significantly changed after eradication of bacteria, at least for the short period of time evaluated.

Effect ofHelicobacter pyloriEradication on TLR2 and TLR4 Expression in Patients with Gastric Lesions