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. Pityriasis rosea (PR) is an exanthematous disease related to human herpesvirus- (HHV-) 6/7 reactivation. The network of mediators involved in recruiting the infiltrating inflammatory cells has never been studied.  Object . To investigate the levels of serum cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines in PR and healthy controls in order to elucidate the PR pathogenesis.  Materials and Methods . Interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-6, IL-17, interferon- (IFN-)  γ , tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)  α , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and chemokines, CXCL8 (IL-8) and CXCL10 (IP-10), were measured simultaneously by a multiplex assay in early acute PR patients' sera and healthy controls. Subsequently, sera from PR patients were analysed at 3 different times (0, 15, and 30 days).  Results and discussion . Serum levels of IL-17, IFN- γ , VEGF, and IP-10 resulted to be upregulated in PR patients compared to controls. IL-17 has a key role in host defense against pathogens stimulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. IFN- γ  has a direct antiviral activity promoting NK cells and virus specific T cells cytotoxicity. VEGF stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. IP-10 can induce chemotaxis, apoptosis, cell growth, and angiogenesis.  Conclusions . Our findings suggest that these inflammatory mediators may modulate PR pathogenesis in synergistic manner.

The Role of Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis of Pityriasis Rosea