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Objectives . Several species of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are now recognized as human pathogens. However, limited data on effective drug treatments against these organisms exists. Here, we describe the species distribution and drug susceptibility profiles of RGM clinical isolates collected from four southern Chinese provinces from January 2005 to December 2012.  Methods . Clinical isolates (73) were subjected to  in vitro  testing with 31 antimicrobial agents using the cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth microdilution method. The isolates included 55  M. abscessus , 11  M. fortuitum , 3  M. chelonae , 2  M. neoaurum , and 2  M. septicum  isolates.  Results .  M. abscessus  (75.34%) and  M. fortuitum  (15.07%), the most common species, exhibited greater antibiotic resistance than the other three species. The isolates had low resistance to amikacin, linezolid, and tigecycline, and high resistance to first-line antituberculous agents, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, rifapentine, dapsone, thioacetazone, and pasiniazid.  M. abscessus  and  M. fortuitum  were highly resistant to ofloxacin and rifabutin, respectively. The isolates showed moderate resistance to the other antimicrobial agents.  Conclusions . Our results suggest that tigecycline, linezolid, clofazimine, and cefmetazole are appropriate choices for  M. abscessus  infections. Capreomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, clofazimine, and cefmetazole are potentially good choices for  M. fortuitum  infections. Our drug susceptibility data should be useful to clinicians.

Drug Susceptibility Testing of 31 Antimicrobial Agents on Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria Isolates from China