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B regulatory cells (Bregs) belong to a subgroup of activated B cells tasked with maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. While sharing similar regulatory mechanisms such as IL-10 dependency, they also defer in exhibiting their suppressive effects by expressing Fas-Ligand, TGF-beta, and PDL-1. In this study we show, for the first time, the expansion of CD25 high FoxP3 high  Bregs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to healthy individuals (18.5 ± 3.052% versus 11.0 ± 1.654%,  p  < 0.001, resp.). This expansion was also shown to correlate with SLE disease activity ( r  = 0.75). In addition, CD25 high FoxP3 high  Bregs were also IL-10 high  expressing and further expanded when stimulated with semaphorin 3A. In sum we show that CD25 high FoxP3 high  are an additional subtype of Bregs, involved in regulating SLE disease activity. Being IL-10 expressing, we may assume that they are one of the sources of increased serum IL-10 in SLE patients. Further studies are required in order to assess the relation between high serum IL-10 and CD25 high FoxP3 high  Breg cells.

The Expansion of CD25highIL-10highFoxP3highB Regulatory Cells Is in Association with SLE Disease Activity

The Expansion of CD25^highIL-10^highFoxP3^highB Regulatory Cells Is in Association with SLE Disease Activity