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In order to accurately model the hysteresis and dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric stack actuators (PSAs), consider that a linear force and a hysteresis force will be generated by piezoelectric wafers under the voltage applied to a PSA, and the total force suffering from creep will result in the forced vibration of the two-degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system composed of the equivalent mass, stiffness, and damping of the piezoelectric wafers and the bonding layers. A modified comprehensive model for PSAs is put forward by using a linear function, an asymmetrical Bouc-Wen hysteresis operator, and a creep function to model the linear force, the hysteresis force, and the creep characteristics, respectively. In this way, the effect of the bonding layers on the hysteresis and dynamic characteristics of PSAs can be analyzed via the modified comprehensive model. The experimental results show that the modified comprehensive model for PSAs with the corresponding parameter identification method can accurately portray the hysteresis and dynamic characteristics of PSAs fabricated by different layering/stacking processes. Finally, the theoretical analyzing on utilizing the modified comprehensive model to linearize the hysteresis characteristics and design the dynamic characteristics of PSAs is given

A Modified Comprehensive Model for Piezoelectric Stack Actuators and Corresponding Parameter Identification Method