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We propose a new revised Landau hydrodynamic model to study systematicallythe pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in heavy ioncollisions over an energy range from a few GeV to a few TeV per nucleon pair.The interacting system is divided into three sources namely the central,target, and projectile sources respectively. The large central source isdescribed by the Landau hydrodynamic model and further revised by thecontributions of the small target/projectile sources. In the calculation, toavoid the errors caused by an unapt conversion or non-division, the rapidityand pseudorapidity distributions are obtained respectively. The modelingresults are in agreement with the available experimental data at relativisticheavy ion collider (RHIC), large hadron collider (LHC), and other energies fordifferent centralities. The value of square speed of sound parameter indifferent collisions has been extracted by us from the widths of rapiditydistributions. Our results show that, in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHCenergies, the central source undergoes through a phase transition from hadronicgas to quark-gluon plasma (QGP) liquid phase; meanwhile, the target/projectilesources remain in the state of hadronic gas. The present work confirms that theQGP is of liquid type rather than that of a gas. The whole region ofparticipants undergoes through a mixed phase consisting of a large quantity of(>90%) QGP liquid and a small quantity of (<10%) hadronic gas.

On pseudorapidity distribution and speed of sound in high energy heavy ion collisions based on a new revised Landau hydrodynamic model