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Aim . The aim of our study was to assess whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms of  CYP1A1  and  2E1 ,  GSTM1 ,  GSTT1 , and  SULT1A1  influence susceptibility towards HCC, considering their interaction with cigarette smoking.  Methods . We recruited HCC cases and controls among patients admitted to the hospital “Agostino Gemelli,” from January 2005 until July 2010. Odds ratios (OR) of HCC were derived from unconditional multiple logistic regression. Gene-gene and gene-smoking interaction were quantified by computing the attributable proportion (AP) due to biological interaction.  Results . The presence of any  CYP2E1   *   5B  variant allele (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.06-0.71) and  CYP2E1   *   6  variant allele (OR: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.33) was inversely related to HCC. There was a borderline increased risk among carriers of combined  CYP1A1   *   2A  and  SULT1A1  variant alleles (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 0.97–3.24). A significant biological interaction was observed between  GSTT1  and smoking (AP = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.001–0.815), with an OR of 3.13 (95% CI: 1.69–5.82), and borderline significant interaction was observed for  SULT1A1  and smoking (AP = 0.36; 95% CI: −0.021–0.747), with an OR of 3.05 (95% CI: 1.73–5.40).  Conclusion .  CYP2E1   *   5B  and  CYP2E1   *   6  polymorphisms have a favourable effect on the development of HCC, while polymorphisms of  GSTT1  and  SULT1A1  might play role in increasing the susceptibility among smokers.

The Effect ofCYP, GST,andSULTPolymorphisms and Their Interaction with Smoking on the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma