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Recently wireless sensor network (WSN) has become one of the most interesting networking technologies, since it can be deployed without communication infrastructures. A sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes; these nodes are responsible for supervision of the physical phenomenon and transmission of the periodical results to the base station. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency and maximizing the networking lifetime are the major challenges in this kind of networks. To deal with this, a hierarchical clustering scheme, called Location-Energy Spectral Cluster Algorithm (LESCA), is proposed in this paper. LESCA determines automatically the number of clusters in a network. It is based on spectral classification and considers both the residual energy and some properties of nodes. In fact, our approach uses the K-ways algorithm and proposes new features of the network nodes such as average energy, distance to BS, and distance to clusters centers in order to determine the clusters and to elect the cluster's heads of a WSN. The simulation results show that if the clusters are not constructed in an optimal way and/or the number of the clusters is greater or less than the optimal number of clusters, the total consumed energy of thesensor network per round is increased exponentially.

An Energy-Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm Based on Geographic Position and Residual Energy for Wireless Sensor Network