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The toxic effects of ethyl cinnamate on the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of  Chlorella vulgaris  were studied based on chlorophyll fluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. Parameters, including biomass,  F    v  / F    m   (maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII), Ф PSII  (actual photochemical efficiency of PSII in the light), FDA, and PI staining fluorescence, were measured. The results showed the following: (1) The inhibition on biomass increased as the exposure concentration increased. 1 mg/L ethyl cinnamate was sufficient to reduce the total biomass of  C. vulgaris . The 48-h and 72-h EC50 values were 2.07 mg/L (1.94–2.20) and 1.89 mg/L (1.82–1.97). (2) After 24 h of exposure to 2–4 mg/L ethyl cinnamate, the photosynthesis of  C. vulgaris  almost ceased, manifesting in Ф PSII  being close to zero. After 72 h of exposure to 4 mg/L ethyl cinnamate, the  F    v  / F    m   of  C. vulgaris  dropped to zero. (3) Ethyl cinnamate also affected the cellular physiology of  C. vulgaris , but these effects resulted in the inhibition of cell yield rather than cell death. Exposure to ethyl cinnamate resulted in decreased esterase activities in  C. vulgaris , increased average cell size, and altered intensities of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Overall, esterase activity was the most sensitive variable.

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Toxic Effects of Ethyl Cinnamate on the Photosynthesis and Physiological Characteristics of<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>Based on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Flow Cytometry Analysis

Toxic Effects of Ethyl Cinnamate on the Photosynthesis and Physiological Characteristics ofChlorella vulgarisBased on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Flow Cytometry Analysis