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Inducible nitrogen oxide synthase (iNOS) is the primary contributor of the overproduction of nitric oxide and its inhibitors have been actively sought as effective anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we prepared 70% ethanol extracts from 81 Chinese herbs. These extracts were subsequently evaluated for their effect on nitrogen oxide (NO) production and cell growth in LPS/IFN γ -costimulated and unstimulated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells by Griess reaction and MTT assay. Extracts of  Daphne genkwa  Sieb.et Zucc,  Caesalpinia sappan  L.,  Iles pubescens  Hook.et Arn,  Forsythia suspensa  (Thunb.) Vahl,  Zingiber officinale  Rosc,  Inula japonica  Thunb., and  Ligusticum chuanxiong  Hort markedly inhibited NO production (inhibition > 90% at 100  μ g/mL). Among active extracts (inhibition > 50% at 100  μ g/mL),  Rubia cordifolia  L.,  Glycyrrhiza glabra  L.,  Iles pubescens  Hook.et Arn,  Nigella glandulifera  Freyn et Sint,  Pueraria lobata  (Willd.) Ohwi, and  Scutellaria barbata  D. Don displayed no cytotoxicity to unstimulated RAW246.7 cells while increasing the growth of LPS/IFN γ -costimulated cells. By analyzing the correlation between their activities and their Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) characteristics, herbs with pungent flavor displayed potent anti-inflammatory capability. Our study provides a series of potential anti-inflammatory herbs and suggests that herbs with pungent flavor are candidates of effective anti-inflammatory agents.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 81 Chinese Herb Extracts and Their Correlation with the Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine