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Drug resistance in  Plasmodium falciparum  requires that new drugs must be developed. Plants are a potential source for drug discovery and development. Two plants that used to treat febrile illnesses in Nigeria were tested for  in vitro  and  in vivo  antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. Methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of  Ficus thonningii  and  Lophira alata  were active in  in vitro  assays against  P. falciparum  NF54 (sensitive) and K1 (multiresistant) strains. Hexane extracts of  F. thonningii  and  L. alata  were the most effective extracts in  in vitro  assays with IC 50  of 2.7 ± 1.6  μ g/mL and 2.5 ± 0.3  μ g/mL for NF54 and 10.4 ± 1.6  μ g/mL and 2.5 ± 2.1  μ g/mL for K1 strain. All extracts were nontoxic in cytotoxicity assays against KB human cell line with IC 50  of over 20  μ g/mL, demonstrating selectivity against  P. falciparum .  In vivo  analysis shows that hexane extracts of both plants reduced parasitaemia. At the maximum dose tested,  L. alata  had a 74.4% reduction of parasitaemia while  F. thonningii  had a reduction of 84.5%, both extracts prolonged animal survival in mice infected with  P. berghei  NK65 when compared with vehicle treated controls. The antiplasmodial activity observed justifies the use of both plants in treating febrile conditions.

journal of parasitology research

In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Activity ofFicus thonningiiBlume (Moraceae) andLophira alataBanks (Ochnaceae), Identified from the Ethnomedicine of the Nigerian Middle Belt