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This paper proposes the hybrid CSM-CFO algorithm based on the simplex method (SM), clustering technique, and central force optimization (CFO) for unconstrained optimization. CSM-CFO is still a deterministic swarm intelligent algorithm, such that the complex statistical analysis of the numerical results can be omitted, and the convergence intends to produce faster and more accurate by clustering technique and good points set. When tested against benchmark functions, in low and high dimensions, the CSM-CFO algorithm has competitive performance in terms of accuracy and convergence speed compared to other evolutionary algorithms: particle swarm optimization, evolutionary program, and simulated annealing. The comparison results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient

An Improved Central Force Optimization Algorithm for Multimodal Optimization