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Purpose . The study aimed to investigate the influence of estrogen receptor   α   (ER-  α  ) genotypes on inflammatory response and development of microvascular complications in girls with type 1 diabetes.  Methods . 152 young regularly menstruating girls with diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 84 young, healthy menstruating girls were recruited. ER-  α   genotyping was carried out by PCR. Serum concentrations of 17  β  -estradiol, as well as IL-6, TNF-  α  , VEGF, and IL-10, were measured. CD4 + Foxp3 +  TH17 cells were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry.  Results . Type 1 diabetic girls carrying TT genotype were characterized by the lowest serum estradiol level and IL-10 and highest IL-6, TNF-  α   , and VEGF. The association between the level of certain cytokine and the genetic variant of estrogen receptor   α   polymorphism was analyzed. Frequencies of CD4 + Foxp3 +  TH17 cells were also enhanced in TT bearing girls with type 1 diabetes and correlated with the level of analyzed cytokines. In addition, the correlation between serum estradiol level and cytokine concentrations was observed.  Conclusions . We propose that TT variant of estrogen receptor   α   polymorphism may be associated with enhanced inflammatory response, which in turn may lead to acceleration of diabetic retino- and nephropathy in girls with type 1 diabetes. This finding may help the physicians to predict the onset and progression of diabetic microvascular complications.

mediators of inflammation

IVS1 −397T&gt;C Estrogen ReceptorαPolymorphism Is Associated with Low-Grade Systemic Inflammatory Response in Type 1 Diabetic Girls