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Adenanthera pavonina , popularly known as red-bead tree, carolina, pigeon's eye, and dragon's eye, is a plant traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the  Adenanthera pavonina  (SPLS Ap ) seeds against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in HEp-2 cell cultures. The SPLS Ap  presented a cytotoxic concentration (CC 50 ) of 500  μ g/mL in HEp-2 cell cultures, evaluated by the dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method (MTT). The SPLS Ap  exhibited a significant antiviral activity, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 1.18  µ g/mL, determined by plaque reduction assay and a high selectivity index (SI) of 423. The maximum inhibition (100%) of PV replication was found when the SPLS Ap  treatment was concomitant with viral infection (time 0 h), at all tested concentrations. The maximal inhibition was also found when the SPLS Ap  was used 1 h and 2 h postinfection, albeit at 50  μ g/mL and 100  μ g/mL. Therefore, we demonstrated that the SPLS Ap  inhibited PV growth. We also suggested that SPLS Ap  inhibited PV in more than one step of the replication, as the mechanism of antiviral action. We, therefore, selected the compound as a potential candidate for further development towards the control of the infection.

Antiviral Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide ofAdenanthera pavoninaagainst Poliovirus in HEp-2 Cells