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. Relation between atherosclerosis and innate immunity has attracted attention. As the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, could have an important role in atherosclerosis, we supposed that there could be a meaningful association of plasma LL-37 level with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Materials and Methods . We evaluated plasma LL-37 level and other clinical markers in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( n  = 133, 115 men and 18 women; age 64.7 ± 11.5 years; HbA1c 8.1 ± 1.6%). Plasma level of LL-37 was measured by ELISA.  Results . Mean plasma LL-37 level was 71.2 ± 22.3 ng/mL. Plasma LL-37 level showed significant correlations with HDL cholesterol ( r  = −0.450,  P  < 0.01), triglyceride ( r  = 0.445,  P  < 0.01), and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( r  = 0.316,  P  < 0.01) but no significant correlation with age, body mass index, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D binding protein. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of plasma LL-37 level with HDL cholesterol ( β  = −0.411,  P  < 0.01) and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( β  = 0.193,  P  < 0.05).  Conclusion . Plasma LL-37 level was positively correlated with inflammatory markers and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Plasma Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Level Is Inversely Associated with HDL Cholesterol Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus