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Background and Aim. Leptospira , the causal agent of leptospirosis, has been isolated from the environment, patients, and wide spectrum of animals in Russia. However, the genetic diversity of  Leptospira  in natural and anthropurgic foci was not clearly defined.  Methods . The recent MLST scheme was used for the analysis of seven pathogenic species. 454 pyrosequencing technology was the base of the whole genome sequencing (WGS).  Results . The most wide spread and prevalent  Leptospira  species in Russia were  L. interrogans, L. kirschneri,  and  L. borgpetersenii . Five STs, common for Russian strains: 37, 17, 199, 110, and 146, were identified as having a longtime and ubiquitous distribution in various geographic areas. Unexpected properties were revealed for the environmental  Leptospira  strain Bairam-Ali. WGS of this strain genome suggested that it combined the features of the pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains and may be a reservoir of the natural resistance genes. Results of the comparative analysis of  rrs  and  rpoB  genes and MLST loci for different  Leptospira  species strains and phenotypic and serological properties of the strain Bairam-Ali suggested that it represented separate  Leptospira  species.  Conclusions . Thus, the natural and anthropurgic foci supported ubiquitous  Leptospira  species and the pool of genes important for bacterial adaptivity to various conditions.

The Characteristics of Ubiquitous and UniqueLeptospiraStrains from the Collection of Russian Centre for Leptospirosis