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Objective . To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of (IL-17A +  and/or IL-17F + ) Th17 cells under IL-23 regulation in patients of chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls (HC).  Materials and Methods . The whole peripheral blood samples were collected from 30 CP patients and 25 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to test the (IL-17A +  and/or IL-17F + ) Th17 expression level. Recombinant human IL-23 (rhIL-23) was used to detect Th17 differentiation and expansion. Correlation coefficient analysis between Th17 expression level and clinical parameters was analyzed by SPSS software.  Results . Flow cytometry results showed that IL-17A + IL-17F −  and IL-17A − IL-17F +  Th17 were both increased in CP group than in HC group ( P  < 0.01), while, under recombinant human IL-23 (rhIL-23) stimulation, the number of IL-17A + IL-17F −  Th17 cells was significantly increased in both CP and HC groups ( P  < 0.01). Interestingly, IL-17A − IL-17F +  Th17 cells were only increased in CP group after rhIL-23 stimulation. Additionally, correlation coefficient analysis showed significant correlation between IL-17A + IL-17F −  Th17 cell and attachment loss or probing depth ( P  < 0.05).  Conclusions . This study indicates that both the IL-17A + IL-17F −  and IL-17A − IL-17F +  Th17 cells may be involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis. The role of these Th17 cells in the disease pathogenesis needs to be further investigated.

Clinical Significance of IL-23 Regulating IL-17A and/or IL-17F Positive Th17 Cells in Chronic Periodontitis