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Background . An increase in the acid resistance of dental enamel, as well as morphological and structural changes produced by Er:YAG laser irradiation, has been reported.  Purpose . To evaluate the chemical changes associated with acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser.  Methods . Forty-eight enamel samples were divided into 4 groups ( n  = 12). Group I (control); Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with Er:YAG at 100 mJ (12.7 J/cm 2 ), 200 mJ (25.5 J/cm 2 ), and 300 mJ (38.2 J/cm 2 ), respectively.  Results . There were significant differences in composition of irradiated groups (with the exception of chlorine) and in the amount of calcium released.  Conclusions . Chemical changes associated with an increase in acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser showed a clear postirradiation pattern characterized by a decrease in C at.% and an increase in O, P, and Ca at.% and no changes in Cl at.%. An increased Ca/P ratio after Er:YAG laser irradiation was associated with the use of higher laser energy densities. Chemical changes produced by acid dissolution showed a similar trend among experimental groups. Stable or increased Ca/P ratio after acid dissolution was observed in the irradiated groups, with reduction of Ca released into the acid solution.

Chemical Changes Associated with Increased Acid Resistance of Er:YAG Laser Irradiated Enamel