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Background.  Increasing evidence argues that soluble CXCL16 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells  in vitro . However, the role of transmembrane or cellular CXCL16 in cancer remains relatively unknown. In this study, we determine the function of cellular CXCL16 as tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells.  Methods.  Expression of cellular CXCL16 in breast cancer cell lines was determined at both RNA and protein levels.  In vitro  and  in vivo  studies that overexpressed or downregulated CXCL16 were conducted in breast cancer cells.  Results.  We report differential expression of cellular CXCL16 in breast cancer cell lines that was negatively correlated with cell invasiveness and migration. Overexpression of CXCL16 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a decrease in cell invasion and migration and induced apoptosis of the cells; downregulation of CXCL16 in MCF-7 cells increased cell migration and invasiveness. Consistent with the  in vitro  data, CXCL16 overexpression inhibited tumorigenesis  in vivo .  Conclusions.  Cellular CXCL16 suppresses invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells  in vitro  and inhibits tumorigenesis  in vivo . Targeting of cellular CXCL16 expression is a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.

Chemokine CXCL16 Expression Suppresses Migration and Invasiveness and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells