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Background.  The purpose of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using miR-126 in the urine as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy.  Methods.  miRNAs were extracted from the urine samples of T2DM patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN;  n  = 92), T2DM without DN ( n  = 86), and 85 healthy volunteers using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time polymerase chain reaction) analysis. Stability of urinary miR-126 and factors that affected the stability were assessed. A subgroup analysis was also carried out to compare the urinary miR-126 level in T2DM patients well controlled by the treatment versus those who were not well controlled.  Results.  Urinary miR-126 was stable when the urine samples were kept at room temperature for extended period of time, 4°C, −20°C, and −80°C for up to 12 hours or subjected to 10 freeze-and-thaw cycle. Urinary miR-126 was significantly higher in T2DM patients with DN (5.76 ± 0.33 versus 3.25 ± 0.45 in T2DM patients without DN). Successful treatment significantly reduced urinary miR-126 in T2DM patients with DN to 3.89 ± 0.52 ( P  < 0.05).  Conclusion.  miR-126 in the urine is stable and it could be used as a biomarker of DN and to monitor the treatment response.

Stability of miR-126 in Urine and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Renal Endothelial Injury with Diabetic Nephropathy