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Background . Macrophages and synovial fibroblasts (SF) are two major cells implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SF could be a source of cytokines and growth factors driving macrophages survival and activation. Here, we studied the effect of SF on monocyte viability and phenotype.  Methods . SF were isolated from synovial tissue of RA patients and CD14+ cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors. SF conditioned media were collected after 24 hours of culture with or without stimulation with TNF α  or IL-1 β . Macrophages polarisation was studied by flow cytometry.  Results . Conditioned medium from SF significantly increased monocytes viability by 60% compared to CD14+ cells cultured in medium alone ( P  < 0.001). This effect was enhanced using conditioned media from IL-1 β  and TNF α  stimulated SF. GM-CSF but not M-CSF nor IL34 blocking antibodies was able to significantly decrease monocyte viability by 30% when added to the conditioned media from IL-1 β  and TNF α  stimulated SF ( P  < 0.001). Finally, monocyte cultured in presence of SF conditioned media did not exhibit a specific M1 or M2 phenotype.  Conclusion . Overall, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β  and TNF α ) promote monocyte viability via GM-CSF but do not induce a specific macrophage polarization.

IL-1βand TNFαPromote Monocyte Viability through the Induction of GM-CSF Expression by Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts