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The effects of ball milling parameters, namely, the ball-to-powder mass ratio and milling speed, on the synthesis of (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3  nanopowders by high-energy ball milling method from a stoichiometric mixture containing Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , and Nb 2 O 5  were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the single crystalline phase of (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3  was received in as-milled samples synthesized using optimized ball-to-powder mass ratio of 35 : 1 and at a milling speed of 600 rpm for 5 h. In the optimized as-milled samples, no remaining alkali carbonates that can provide the volatilizable potassium-containing species were found and (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3  nanopowders were readily obtained via the formation of an intermediate carbonato complex. This complex was mostly transformed into (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3  at temperature as low as 350°C and its existence was no longer detected at spectroscopic level when calcination temperature crossed over 700°C.

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Effects of Processing Parameters on the Synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3Nanopowders by Reactive High-Energy Ball Milling Method